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The numerous seals and figurines discovered in the excavations carried out at various sites connected with the Harappan culture point out to the religious beliefs of the Indus Valley people. Worship of Mother Goddess : A large number of excavated terracotta figurines are those of a semi-nude figures which is identified with some female energy or Shakti or Mother Goddess, who is the source of all creation. She is wearing numerous ornaments an a fan-shaped head dress. It is concluded from the smoke stained figures that the people offered burnt incense before her.  Worship of Pashupati or Lord Shiva : The Pashupati seal in which the three faced male god is shown seated in a yogic posture, surrounded by a rhino and a buffalo on the right, and an elephant and a tiger on the left, make the historians conclude that the people of those days worshipped Lord Shiva who is the Lord of the Beast (Pashupati) and the male principle of creation. Discovery of a large number of conical or cylind...

Some Facts About    the Indus Valley Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze age civilization. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia they were the 3 early civilizations in the Ancient World. One of them was The Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization had about 5 million population or more. Economies of the Indus Valley Civilization The economy of Indus Valley Civilization was based upon agriculture and trade . They also made Pottery, Weaving. The people were also aware of Gold, Silver, Copper and Bronze They used to trade some of those economies  for dealings or for cloths and for particular objects. Agriculture The Harappans were great agriculturists. The Indus river valley was very fertile when Harappans arrived there. Agriculture was the people’s chief work. Irrigation was based upon rainwater. Their main agriculture products were wheat, barely, rice, cotton, and vegetables. They sold the products to make mon P...

The social and economic life of of the people of Harappan Civilization was systematic and organized.  The Indus valley population consisted of Australoid, Mediterranean, Mongoloid and Alpine races. The approximate population of Mohenjo-Daro  was 35000.  Food The food of the Harappans was supplied from extensive areas cultivated in vicinity of the city. Rice was probably grown in the Indus valley. The staple food of the people comprised wheat, barley, rice, milk and some vegetables like peas, sesamums and fruits like date palms. Beef, mutton, pork, poultry, fish etc. were also eaten by the Indus people. Agriculture appears to be the main occupation of the Indus people. The discovery of a granary at Harappa lends support to this.  Clothing The discovery of large number of spindles proves the use of cotton for weaving social cloths. Wool was also used. The garments might have been sewn. Both men and women used two pieces of cloth. The men folk wore some lower garmen...

The Indus Valley Civilization was not confined to these two sites in the north-western area of the subcontinent. The influence of this culture extended to the Punjab, Sindh, North West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), Baluchistan, Rajasthan, U.P., Gujarat and even some parts of south India. This civilization was spread over an area of about 1600 kilometers from West to East and 1100 kilometers from North to South. However, recent excavations in Gujarat have shown that the extent of the civilization is much more than what people had thought it to be earlier. Research scholars are of the opinion that this civilization has spread over an area of 1,300,000 square kilometers, which is more than that of any ancient civilization known so far. Important Sites :   Though there are many sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, Mohen-jo-Daro and Harappa are considered more important, as these were the biggest centers of the civilization. Mohen-jo-Daro  in the Sindhi language, means...

The  Indus Valley Civilisation  ( IVC ) was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Along with ancient Egyptand Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the region comprising  North Africa ,  West Asia  and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from northeast  Afghanistan , through much of  Pakistan , and into western- and northwestern  India .  It flourished in the basins of the  Indus River , which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal  Ghaggar-Hakra  river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The civilisation's cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage s...

The  Indus Valley Civilization  was an ancient  civilization  located in what is Pakistan and northwest  India  today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of  urbanization . By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and  cities  had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the  Indus Valley  Civilization was at its peak.